Blockchain-based applications leverage the characteristics of blockchain to provide more secure storage of transactions. However, despite their high level of security, these applications have certain security flaws that expose them to security attacks. This research aims to create a model of security risk factors for blockchain-based applications. It consists of a literature review to collect and analyze the main articles published between 2008 and 2021 dealing with the risks associated with these applications. We propose an integrative model for studying the security risks of blockchain-based applications, considering technical, human, organizational, and institutional factors. The proposed theoretical model will serve as a conceptual framework for future research on the risks of blockchain-based applications.