Amid the rapid evolution of artificial intelligence in today's economy, understanding the determinants of AI innovation has become a critical research priority. Using a panel dataset of A-share listed companies in China (2007–2022), this study examines the impact of AI-related government policies and enterprise strategies on AI innovation. A staggered difference-in-differences analysis reveals that only support-oriented AI policies—emphasizing knowledge and funding—significantly enhance AI innovation. Firms adopting AI strategies also positively affect AI innovation and amplify the policy effect. Moreover, startups demonstrate greater responsiveness to these policies and transformations, reflecting heterogeneity in industry and regional economic conditions. Although AI policies and corporate AI transformation increase firm value and data assets, only corporate AI transformation improves patent quality. This research provides valuable insights for policymakers and business leaders seeking to optimize AI policy design and corporate strategies to foster AI-driven innovation and economic growth.