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Enhancing Environmental, Social, and Governance Insights with Structured Knowledge Graphs and Advanced Query Analysis
Milad Olad, Ehsan Khaksar, Maryam Ghanbari, Leila Tahmooresnejad, Anteneh Ayanso, Robert Lytle, Ryan Hilimoniuk
Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) data are increasingly vital for strategic decision-making, yet remains fragmented and inconsistently reported across sources. Existing ESG analytics solutions typically address structuring, retrieval, or summarization in isolation, limiting their ability to capture complex, multi-entity relationships. We propose a unified ESG data processing framework that integrates knowledge graph construction, community detection, and Graph-based Retrieval-Augmented Generation (GraphRAG) to deliver structured, context-rich insights. Our system models interconnected ESG entities, applies network analysis to uncover hidden patterns, and generates traceable, decision-ready responses to complex queries. We evaluate an early implementation using a dataset of 8,350 ESG reports from 309 companies, demonstrating improvements in coverage, contextual relevance, and multi-perspective analysis. To address potential biases in ESG disclosures, we outline plans for cross-source validation and sentiment analysis. Our contributions establish a scalable and transparent foundation for ESG analytics, offering enhanced traceability, diversity, and decision support for analysts, regulators, and stakeholders.

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