Over the last years, Chief Data Officers (CDOs) have been increasingly appointed in the corporate sector to position data as a strategic asset for data-driven decision-making. This development has spilled over into the public sector, highlighting the need for data-driven governance. However, structural differences, such as a diverse stakeholder landscape, present unique challenges for public sector CDOs. Additionally, the tasks of public sector CDOs may differ significantly, making corporate best practices less applicable. However, the design characteristics for public sector CDO roles have received only little attention in the existing literature. To address this shortcoming, this study draws on established guidelines to develop a taxonomy with nine dimensions and 29 characteristics, highlighting the unique solution space for the implementation of public sector CDOs. Our study extends extant research by offering a novel perspective on public sector CDOs and can guide public administrations in designing and implementing this emerging role.